By Jerry A. Wells. Over 3,000 Americans volunteered to fight in the Spanish Civil War in many different capacities in the International Brigades – even though the United States government had refused to permit its citizens to do so. Here, we focus on the volunteer fighter pilots – although they received generous pay as mercenaries.
By Carles Prats. Introduction Republican labor camps and prisons are much less known that Francoist concentration camps and jails, because they lasted much less in time and concerned much less people. But brutality was similar in detention centers of both sides fighting the civil war. Some of these Republican prisons or camps are often remembered
By Carles Prats. Note of the author: an article describing this kind of censor marks was already published on a paper Araña (Spring 2017), but as this is my main specialty and I make continuous research on this field, from time to time new marks are discovered and thus, the catalog must be updated. A
By Jerry A. Wells. The 17th day of July, 1936 marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. The war lasted until March 28, 1939. The events leading up to the war are beyond the scope of this paper; but put simply, democracy and communism fought fascism and lost. A fascinating era of world history
By José Ivars Ivars, Asociación Filatélica de Calp, President of Federación de Asociaciones Filatélicas de la Comunidad Valenciana (FASFILCOVA). Some time ago, an interesting debate arose in social media after having published the cover on the first image in this article (see Fig. 1), and thanks to feedback received, we decided to reopen the debate